Processing on IndustryNet

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In the industrial sector there are a number of industrial processes that take place in order to eventually produce the final product. During these processes the product undergoes a series of changes and treatments in order to assure that the product is stable, secure, and ready to use.

If one has a sound knowledge of how industrial processing works, then it is easier to make a choice between which process would be best suited to be applied to the product in order to meet certain needs and goals of the buyers. There are many different industrial processes of which a few will be discussed below.

General processes

These processes can be applied on their own, or as part of a bigger processing chain. Under this category there are 3 popular examples: the liquefaction of gasses, supercritical drying, and scrubbing. The liquefaction of gasses is normally implemented to make transportation easier by transforming a gas into its liquid state. This is normally done by apply pressure. Supercritical drying takes place to remove excess liquids. During this process, also known as freeze-drying, a material is frozen and the pressure surrounding it is reduced. It also makes for easier transportation. Scrubbing is implemented to remove the pollution of exhaust gasses. This may refer to a carbon dioxide scrubber (a device that can absorb carbon dioxide), carbon capture and storage (capturing carbon dioxide from large point sources), or carbon dioxide removal (removing carbon dioxide from ambient air).

Chemical processes:

Underneath this category, there are many methods, but only two will be discussed: smelting and pyroprocessing.

• Smelting: during smelting a base metal is produced from its ore by using melting techniques. Most ores are made up of the existing minerals as well as another chemical compound. This chemical compound must be oxidized in order to free the metal. This is done by what is called ‘roasting’. After the roasting, the reduction takes place where the oxide becomes the elemental metal. The temperatures are usually scattered over a very large range in relation to the base metal. Here the oxygen is taken from the ore to free the metal. Fluxes may also be used during smelting where a catalyst is used in order to bond with unwanted impurities.

• Pyroprocessing:during this process materials are exposed to high temperatures in order for them to undergo chemical change. Cement is a good example of how pyroprocessing is used. Raw material is fed into a kiln where the process takes place. Other equipment may include electric arc furnaces, and reverberatory furnaces.

Physical processes:

Under physical processes there are also an abundant amount of processes, but here only the most popular will be discussed: forging.

• Forging: forging is the act of shaping a metal by using heat and pressurized systems. The temperatures used are usually classified by whether or not the metal is above or below the recrystallized temperature. As the metal heats up, it becomes flexible and it can be shaped into the desired form. One can also apply pressure in order to shape the metal into the final form and the advantage here is that it can be done under either hot or cold circumstances.

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